Lepidopterella
Lepidopterella Shearer & J.L. Crane
Saprobic on submerged twigs. Sexual morph: Ascomata slightly immersed to superficial, solitary, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, lacking ostioles. Peridium pseudoparenchymatic, composed of several layers of brown to black cells. Pseudoparaphyses numerous or sparse, cellular, hyaline, septate, branched. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, subglobose to globose, pedicellate, lacking an ocular chamber, thick-walled. Ascospores overlapping, irregularly arranged, papilionaceous, brown to orange-brown, 1-septate, constricted and darker at the septum, smooth-walled (Shearer and Crane 1980). Asexual morph: Undetermined. (Description from Dong et al. 2020)
Type species: Lepidopterella palustris Shearer & J.L. Crane
Notes: Lepidopterella, typified by L. palustris, was placed in Argynnaceae together with the type genus Argynna Morgan based on the papilionaceous ascospores (Shearer and Crane 1980). Lepidopterella probably does not belong to Argynnaceae because of the different ascomata. Lepidopterella possesses globose to subglobose ascomata and brown to orange-brown ascospores, while Argynna has discal apothecia and pale brown ascospores with a dark band at the septum (Shearer and Crane 1980; Raja and Shearer 2008; Hyde et al. 2013). Phylogenetic analyses showed L. palustris did not form strong relationships with any families and orders in Dothideomycetes (Shearer et al. 2009; Peter et al. 2016). Lepidopterella is retained in Argynnaceae (Hyde et al. 2013), which is accepted by Wijayawardene et al. (2018, 2020). Two species are accepted in Lepidopterella and both of them are from freshwater habitats. They can be distinguished by ascospore morphology and size. (Notes from Dong et al. 2020)
List of freshwater Lepidopterella species
Lepidopterella palustris Shearer & J.L. Crane, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 75(2): 194 (1980)
Freshwater distribution: USA (Shearer and Crane 1980; Raja et al. 2009)
Lepidopterella tangerina Raja & Shearer, Mycologia100(3): 481 (2008)
Freshwater distribution: USA (Raja and Shearer 2008; Raja et al. 2009)
Key to freshwater Lepidopterella species
1. Ascospores papilionaceous, 15.6–22.8 µm × 25–30µm………………L. palustris
1. Ascospores broadly reniform, 16–19 µm × 30–35µm…………………L. tangerina
References
Dong W, Wang B, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Raja HA, Tanaka K, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Doilom M, Phookamsak R, Hongsanan S, Wanasinghe DN, Yu X-D, Wang G-N, Yang H, Yang J, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Luo Z-L, Yang J-B, Miller AN, Fournier J, Boonmee S, Hu D-M, Nalumpang S, Zhang H (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H, Boehm E, Boonmee S, Braun U, Chomnunti P, Crous PW, Dai DQ, Diederich P, Dissanayake A, Doilom M, Doveri F, Hongsanan S, Jayawardena R, Lawrey JD, Li YM, Liu YX, Lücking R, Monkai J, Muggia L, Nelsen MP, Pang KL, Phookamsak R, Senanayake IC, Shearer CA, Suetrong S, Tanaka K, Thambugala KM, Wijayawardene NN, Wikee S, Wu HX, Zhang Y, Aguirre-Hudson B, Alias SA, Aptroot A, Bahkali AH, Bezerra JL, Bhat DJ, Camporesi E, Chukeatirote E, Gueidan C, Hawksworth DL, Hirayama K, De Hoog S, Kang JC, Knudsen K, Li WJ, Li XH, Liu ZY, Mapook A, McKenzie EHC, Miller AN, Mortimer PE, Phillips AJL, Raja HA, Scheuer C, Schumm F, Taylor JE, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Wang Y, Xu JC, Yacharoen S, Yan JY, Zhang M (2013) Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 63:1–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0263-4
Peter M, Kohler A, Ohm RA, Kuo A, Krützmann J, Morin E, Arend M, Barry KW, Binder M, Choi C, Clum A, Copeland A, Grisel N, Haridas S, Kipfer T, Labutti K, Lindquist E, Lipzen A, Maire R, Meier B, Mihaltcheva S, Molinier V, Murat C, Pöggeler S, Quandt CA, Sperisen C, Tritt A, Tisserant E, Crous PW, Henrissat B, Nehls U, Egli S, Spatafora JW, Grigoriev I V., Martin FM (2016) Ectomycorrhizal ecology is imprinted in the genome of the dominant symbiotic fungus Cenococcum geophilum. Nat Commun 7:12662. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12662
Raja HA, Schmit JP, Shearer CA (2009) Latitudinal, habitat and substrate distribution patterns of freshwater ascomycetes in the Florida Peninsula. Biodivers Conserv 18:419–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9500-7
Raja HA, Shearer CA (2008) Freshwater ascomycetes: new and noteworthy species from aquatic habitats in Florida. Mycologia 100:467–489. https://doi.org/10.3852/07-167R
Shearer CA, Crane JL (1980) Taxonomy of two cleistothecial ascomycetes with papilionaceous ascospores. Trans Br Mycol Soc 75:193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(80)80079-9
Shearer CA, Raja HA, Miller AN, Nelson P, Tanaka K, Hirayama K, Marvanová L, Hyde KD, Zhang Y (2009) The molecular phylogeny of freshwater Dothideomycetes. Stud Mycol 64:145–153. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.08
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Al-ani LKT, Tedersoo L, Haelewaters D, Rajeshkumar KC, Zhao R, Aptroot A, Leontyev D V, Ramesh K, Tokarev YS, Dai D, Letcher PM, Steven L, Ertz D, Lumbsch HT, Kukwa M, Issi V, Madrid H, Phillips AJL, Selbmann L, Walter P, Horváth E, Bensch K, Kirk P, Raja HA, Radek R, Papp V, Dima B, Ma J, Malosso E, Takamatsu S, Rambold G, Gannibal PB, Triebel D, Gautam AK, Avasthi S, Suetrong S, Timdal E, Fryar SC, Delgado G, Réblová M, Doilom M, Dolatabadi S, Humber RA, Kodsueb R, Sánchez- I, Goto BT, Silva DKA, Souza FA De, Silva GA, Silva IR, Błaszkowski J, Jobim K, Maia LC, Barbosa FR, Fiuza PO, Divakar PK, Shenoy BD, Castañeda-ruiz RF, Papizadeh M, Heredia G, Bakhshi M, Boehm E, Youssef N, Vincent P, Lawrey JD, Santiago ALCMDA, Jadson DP, Souza-motta CM, Firmino AL, Tian Q, Monteiro JS, Grossart H, Suija A, Etayo J, Tsurykau A, Kuhnert E, Mungai P, Damm U, Li Q, Zhang H, Boonmee S, Lu Y, Becerra AG, Brearley FQ, Motiejūnaitė J, Khare R, Gaikwad S, Siril DA, Tang L, He M, Flakus A, Zhurbenko MP, Mckenzie EHC, Bhat DJ, Kui-liu J, Raza M, Nassonova ES, Prieto M, Jayalal RGU, Yurkov A, Schnittler M, Shchepin ON, Yuri K, Liu P, Cavender JC, Kang Y, Zhang L, Xu R, Li Y, Monika C, Ekanayaka AH, Wen T, Lateef AA, Pereira OL, Navathe S, Hawksworth DL, Fan X, Dissanayake LS (2020) Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere 11:1–367. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Lumbsch HT, Liu JK, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Ekanayaka AH, Tian Q, Phookamsak R (2018) Outline of Ascomycota: 2017. Fungal Divers 88:167–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8
Recent Genus
1Neochlamydotubeufia
Neohelicomyces
Recent Species
Neohelicomyces submersusNeohelicomyces hyalosporus
Neohelicomyces grandisporus