Kirschsteiniotheliales » Kirschsteiniotheliaceae

Kirschsteiniothelia

Kirschsteiniothelia D. Hawksw., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 91: 182 (1985)

Synonymy: Dendryphiopsis S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 31:655 (1953)

 

Saprobic mostly on dead wood in terrestrial or submerged wood in freshwater habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, solitary or clustered, subglobose to globose, membranaceous, dark brown to black, with a central papilla. Peridium composed of several layers of cells of textura angularis. Pseudoparaphyses numerous, trabeculate, filiform, hyaline. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, long pedicellate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores biseriate, ellipsoidal, dull green, olive brown to dark brown at maturity, 1–2-septate, smooth-walled (Hawksworth 1985; Boonmee et al. 2012). Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, gregarious, elongate, and thick-walled, straight, and slightly curved, apically branched, septate, brown to dark brown, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, monoblastic, terminal, constricted at delimiting septa. Conidia broadly ellipsoid-obovoid, fusiform to obclavate, rounded at both ends, initially 1-septate, later becoming 2-septate, occasionally 3-septate, constricted, and darkly pigmented at the septa, reddish brown to dark brown, grayish brown, smooth-walled (Hyde et al. 2013; Su et al. 2016). (Descriptions from Dong et al. 2020)

 

Type species: Kirschsteiniothelia atra (Corda) D. Hawksw.

 

Notes: Kirschsteiniothelia is characterized by superficial, subglobose to globose ascomata, cylindric-clavate asci and ellipsoidal, dull green, olive-brown to dark brown ascospores (Boonmee et al. 2012). The asexual morph of Kirschsteiniothelia has been connected to Dendryphiopsis, typified by D. atra (Corda) S. Hughes with molecular data (Boonmee et al. 2012; Hyde et al. 2013; Su et al. 2016). For convenience, Wijayawardene et al. (2014) proposed to use Kirschsteiniothelia over Dendryphiopsis and named K. atra as the type species. All Kirschsteiniothelia species formed a well-supported clade and were placed in Kirschsteiniotheliaceae by Boonmee et al. (2012). Six freshwater species with molecular data have been accepted in the genus and all of which are asexual morphs (see list below). All freshwater species have unbranched conidiophores and mostly clavate conidia (slender conidia in K. fluminicola Z.L. Luo et al.), except K. aethiops (Sacc.) D. Hawksw. producing branched conidiophores and cylindrical conidia (Su et al. 2016). (Notes from Dong et al. 2020)

 

List of freshwater Kirschsteiniothelia species

*Kirschsteiniothelia aquatica Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su, Mycosphere 9(4): 759 (2018)

*Kirschsteiniothelia atra (Corda) D. Hawksw., Fungal Diversity 69:37 (2014)

Basionym: Dendryphion atrum Corda, Icon. fung. (Prague) 4: 33 (1840)

Synonymy:    Amphisphaeria aethiops Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 1: 722 (1882)

Dendryphiopsis atra (Corda) S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 31: 655 (1953)

Sphaeria aethiops Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 4: 143 (1876)

Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops (Sacc.) D. Hawksw., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 91(1-2): 185 (1985)

*Kirschsteiniothelia cangshanensis Z.L. Luo, D.F. Bao, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su, Mycosphere 9(4): 760 (2018)

*Kirschsteiniothelia fluminicola Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su, Mycosphere 9(4): 760 (2018)

*Kirschsteiniothelia rostrata J Yang & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 87: 45 (2017)

*Kirschsteiniothelia submersa H.Y. Su & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity (2016)

 

Key to freshwater Kirschsteiniothelia species

1. Conidiophores branched............................. K. atra

1. Conidiophores unbranched.......................... 2

2. Conidia slender, solitary to short-catenate..... K. fluminicola

2. Conidia not slender, solitary…....................... 3

3. Conidia with sheath…................................. 4

3. Conidia without sheath…............................. 5

4. Conidia 33–43 μm long................................ K. cangshanensis

4. Conidia 80–150 μm long.............................. K. rostrata

5. Conidiophores 114–151 × 7–8 μm............... K. aquática

5. Conidiophores 220–280 × 6–7 μm............... K. submersa

 

Fig. 1 Kirschsteiniothelia spp. (Material examined: CHINA, Yunnan Province, Dali, Cangshan Mountain, Huadianba, saprobic on decaying wood submerged in stream, May 2014, Y. Su, S-144, HKAS 84022; ibid., on decaying wood submerged in Wanhua Stream, March 2014, X.Y.  Liu, S-043, HKAS  93066, holotype).  a–h Kirschsteiniothelia atra (HKAS 84022). a, b Colonies on the substratum. c Conidiophores with conidia. d, e Conidiogenous cells and conidia. f–h Conidia. i–o Kirchsteiniothelia submersa (HKAS 93066). i, j Conidiophores with conidia. k Conidiogenous cells with conidia. l–o Conidia. Scale bars: c = 130 μm, d, e = 50 μm, f–h, l–o = 20 μm, i, j = 100 μm, k = 30 μm (Dong et al. 2020)

 

References

 

Boonmee S, Ko TWK, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD, Chen H, Cai L, McKenzie EHC, Jones EBG, Kodsueb R, Hassan BA (2012) Two new Kirschsteiniothelia species with a Dendryphiopsis anamorph cluster in Kirschsteiniotheliaceae fam. nov. Mycologia 104:698–714

Dong W, Wang B, Hyde KD, et al (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:319–575

Hawksworth DL (1985) Kirschsteiniothelia, a new genus for the Microthelia incrustans-group (Dothideales). Bot J Linn Soc 91:181–202

Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H, Boehm E, Boonmee S, Braun U, Chomnunti P, Crous PW, Dai DQ, Diederich P, Dissanayake A, Doilom M, Doveri F, Hongsanan S, Jayawardena R, Lawrey JD, Li YM, Liu YX, Lücking R, Monkai J, Muggia L, Nelsen MP, Pang KL, Phookamsak R, Senanayake I, Shearer CA, Suetrong S, Tanaka K, Thambugala KM, Wijayawardene NN, Wikee S, Wu HX, Zhang Y, Aguirre-Hudson B, Alias SA, Aptroot A, Bahkali AH, Bezerra JL, Bhat DJ, Camporesi E, Chukeatirote E, Gueidan C, Hawksworth DL, Hirayama K, Hoog SD, Kang JC, Knudsen K, Li WJ, Li XH, Liu ZY, Mapook A, McKenzie EHC, Miller AN, Mortimer PE, Phillips AJL, Raja HA, Scheuer CH, Schumm F, Taylor JE, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Wang Y, Xu JC, Yan JY, Yacharoen S, Zhang M (2013) Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 63:1–313

Su HY, Hyde KD, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Ariyawansa HA, Luo ZL, Promputtha I, Tian Q, Lin CG, Shang QJ, Zhao YC (2016) The families Distoseptisporaceae fam. nov., Kirschsteiniotheliaceae, Sporormiaceae and Torulaceae, with new species from freshwater in Yunnan Province. China. Fungal Divers 80:375–409

Wijayawardene NN, Crous PW, Kirk PM, Hawksworth DL, Boonmee S, Braun U, Dai DQ, D’souza MJ, Diederich P, Dissanayake A (2014) Naming and outline of Dothideomycetes–2014 including proposals for the protection or suppression of generic names. Fungal Divers 69:1–55

 

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