Pleosporales » Amniculicolaceae

Amniculicola

Amniculicola Y. Zhang ter & K.D. Hyde

Index Fungorum number: IF 511328

Saprobic on submerged wood or in plant humus. Sexual morph: Ascomata solitary to gregarious, immersed to nearly superficial, black, uniloculate, subglobose to conical, glabrous, ostiolate, with or without two tuberculate flared lips surrounding a slit-like ostiole, sometimes with a flattened base not easily removed from the substrate, usually staining the woody substrate purple. Peridium 2-layered, outer layer composed of heavily pigmented thick-walled cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Pseudoparaphyses dense, trabeculate, filiform, persistent, hyaline, embedded in mucilage, anastomosing between and above the asci. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to narrowly fusoid, short pedicellate. Ascospores mostly uniseriate, fusoid, hyaline, septate, symmetrical, smooth, thin-walled, surrounded by a hyaline, gelatinous sheath (Zhang et al. 2008, 2009, 2012). Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores usually simple. Conidia curved or sigmoid, tapering to the end, septate, hyaline (illustration and description see Ingold (1942)).

Notes: The freshwater genus Amniculicola is characterized by staining the woody substrate purple (Zhang et al. 2008, 2009). However, two other species, A. aquatica Z.L. Luo et al. and A. guttulata et al., did not produce pigmentation on the host substrate (Hyde et al. 2019). A comprehensive account of Amniculicola was provided by Zhang et al. (2008, 2012). Amniculicola immersa Y. Zhang ter, J. Fourn., A. lignicola and A. parva Y. Zhang ter, J. Fourn. were collected from Europe (Denmark and France), A. longissima (Sacc. & P.  Syd.) Nadeeshan & K.D. Hyde was collected from Latin America (Costa Rica), while A. aquatica and A. guttulata were collected from Asia (China). Amniculicola longissima is the only asexual morphic species in the genus and confirmed by phylogenetic analyses (Hyde et al. 2019).

The paraphyletic nature of Amniculicola was shown in Wanasinghe et al. (2015), as Amniculicola species clustered in three different sister clades. This nature is not well resolved as one asexual genus Vargamyces Tóth nested within Amniculicola in Hyde et al. (2019) and Dong et al. 2020.

Type species: Amniculicola lignicola Y. Zhang ter & K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 112(10): 1189 (2008)

Key to freshwater Amniculicola species (Dong et al. 2020)

1. Asexual morph……………………………………………………A. longissima

1. Sexual morph…………………………………………………...2

2. Ascomata superficial…………………………………………...3

2. Ascomata immersed…………………………………………...A. immersa

3. Asci longer than 130 μm………………………………………...A. lignicola

3. Asci shorter than 130 μm……………………………………….4

4. Substrate stained purple……………………………………….A. parva

4. Substrate natural colour………………………………………..5

5. Peridium 35–50 µm thick, ascospores 24–32 × 6–8 µm…A. aquatica

5. Peridium 27–35 µm thick, ascospores 23–27 × 5–7 µm…A. guttulata

Freshwater species

Amniculicola aquatica Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su

Amniculicola immersa Y. Zhang ter, J. Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde

Amniculicola lignicola Y. Zhang ter & K.D. Hyde

Amniculicola longissima (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Nadeeshan & K.D. Hyde

Amniculicola parva Y. Zhang ter, J. Fourn., Crous & K.D. Hyde

References:

Dong, W., Wang, B., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Bhat, D.J et al. (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity

Hyde KD, Tennakoon DS, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ et al. (2019) Fungal diversity notes 1036–1150: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity doi:10.1007/s13225-019-00429-2

Ingold CT (1942) Aquatic hyphomycetes of decaying alder leaves. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 25:339-417

Liu JK, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Ariyawansa HA et al. (2015) Fungal diversity notes 1–110: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species. Fungal Diversity 72, 1–197

Wanasinghe DN, Jones EG, Camporesi E, Mortimer PE et al. (2015) The Genus Murispora. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 36:419-448

Zhang Y, Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD (2012) Pleosporales. Fungal Diversity 53:1-221

Zhang Y, Jeewon R, Fournier J, Hyde K (2008) Multi-gene phylogeny and morphotaxonomy of Amniculicola lignicola: a novel freshwater fungus from France and its relationships to the Pleosporales. Mycological Research 112:1186-1194

Zhang Y, Schoch CL, Fournier J, Crous PW et al. (2009) Multi-locus phylogeny of Pleosporales: a taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary re-evaluation. Studies in Mycology 64:85-102

 

 

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