Aquasubmersa
Aquasubmersa K.D. Hyde & H. Zhang, Cryptog. Mycol. 33(3): 340 (2012)
Saprobic on submerged or dead wood. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered to grouped, immersed to semi-immersed, uniloculate, subglobose, glabrous, dark brown to black, with ostiolate papilla. Peridium composed of flattened, thin- walled cells of textura angularis. Pseudoparaphyses numerous, trabeculate, filiform, hyaline, septate. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, cylindrical, short pedicellate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores biseriate, broadly fusiform with rounded ends, straight, hyaline, with one mostly median septum, with gelatinous sheath (Ariyawansa et al. 2015). Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Pycnidia solitary to scattered, semi-immersed to superficial, subglobose to ellipsoidal, dark brown to black, ostiolate, minute or without papilla. Ostiole circular, dark-brown, central. Peridium composed of polygonal, hyaline to brown cells. Conidiophores reduced. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, determinate, lageniform, hyaline, smooth. Conidia ellipsoidal, some with papillate base, hyaline, aseptate, smooth, thin-walled, without sheath or appendage (Zhang et al. 2012). Description from Dong et al. (2020).
Type species: Aquasubmersa mircensis H. Zhang & K.D. Hyde
Notes: Aquasubmersa was established to accommodate a freshwater coelomycetous species, A. mircensis (Zhang et al. 2012). It was placed in the family Lophiotremataceae in previous studies (Ariyawansa et al. 2015; Doilom et al. 2017). A comprehensive study on Lophiotremataceae based on morphological observations and multigene analyses showed that Aquasubmersa should be transferred to a newly established family Aquasubmersaceae (Hashimoto et al. 2017). The second species, A. japonica A. Hashim. & Kaz. Tanaka with sexual morph, was also collected from freshwater habitats and conidiomata were produced in culture (Ariyawansa et al. 2015). The asexual morph of A. japonica matches the generic concept of Aquasubmersa. It differs from A. mircensis by pycnidia with minute papilla, thicker peridium and conidia lacking papillate bases. The type material of A. mircensis was re-examined by Li et al. (2020) and Dong et al. (2020).
List of freshwater Aquasubmersa species
*Aquasubmersa japonica A. Hashim. & Kaz. Tanaka, Fungal Diversity 75: 87 (2015)
Freshwater distribution: Japan (Ariyawansa et al. 2015)
*Aquasubmersa mircensis H. Zhang & K.D. Hyde, Cryptog. Mycol. 33(3): 340 (2012); Freshwater distribution: Thailand (Zhang et al. 2012)
Key to freshwater Aquasubmersa species
1. Pycnidia up to 215 μm high, 115–195 μm diam., with minute papilla, peridium > 20 µm thick, conidia without papillate base A. japonica
1. Pycnidia 130–170 μm high, 150–250 μm diam., with- out papilla, peridium < 20 μm thick, conidia with papillate base A. mircensis
References
Ariyawansa HA, Hyde KD, Jayasiri SC, Buyck B, Chethana KWT, Dai DQ, Dai YC, Daranagama DA, Jayawardena RS, Lücking R, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Niskanen T, Thambugala KM, Voigt K, Zhao RL, Li GJ, Doilom M, Boonmee S, Yang ZL, Cai Q, Cui YY, Bahkali AH, Chen J, Cui BK, Chen JJ, Dayarathne MC, Dissanayake AJ, Ekanayaka AH, Hashimoto A, Hongsanan S, Jones EBG, Larsson E, Li WJ, Li QR, Liu JK, Luo ZL, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Mapook A, McKenzie EHC, Norphanphoun C, Konta S, Pang KL, Perera RH, Phookamsak R, Phukhamsakda C, Pinruan U, Randrianjohany E, Singtripop C, Tanaka K, Tian CM, Tibpromma S, Abdel-Wahab MA, Wanasinghe DN, Wijayawardene NN, Zhang JF, Zhang H, Abdel-Aziz FA, Wedin M, Westberg M, Ammirati JF, Bulgakov TS, Lima DX, Callaghan TM, Callac P, Chang CH, Coca LF, Dal-Forno M, Dollhofer V, Fliegerová K, Greiner K, Griffith GW, Ho HM, Hofstetter V, Jeewon R, Kang JC, Wen TC, Kirk PM, Kytövuori I, Lawrey JD, Xing J, Li H, Liu ZY, Liu XZ, Liimatainen K, Lumbsch HT, Matsumura M, Moncada B, Nuankaew S, Parnmen S, de Azevedo Santiago ALCM, Sommai S, Song Y, de Souza CAF, de Souza-Motta CM, Su HY, Suetrong S, Wang Y, Wei SF, Wen TC, Yuan HS, Zhou LW, Réblová M, Fournier J, Camporesi E, Luangsa-ard JJ, Tasanathai K, Khonsanit A, Thanakitpipattana D, Somrithipol S, Diederich P, Millanes AM, Common RS, Stadler M, Yan JY, Li XH, Lee HW, Nguyen TTT, Lee HB, Battistin E, Marsico O, Vizzini A, Vila J, Ercole E, Eberhardt U, Simonini G, Wen HA, Chen XH, Miettinen O, Spirin V, Hernawati (2015) Fungal diversity notes 111–252—taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 75:27–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0346-5
Doilom M, Dissanayake AJ, Wanasinghe DN, Boonmee S, Liu JK, Bhat DJ, Taylor JE, Bahkali AH, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD (2017) Microfungi on Tectona grandis (teak) in Northern Thailand. Fungal Divers 82:107–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0368-7
Dong W, Wang B, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Raja HA, Tanaka K, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Doilom M, Phookamsak R, Hongsanan S, Wanasinghe DN, Yu X-D, Wang G-N, Yang H, Yang J, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Luo Z-L, Yang J-B, Miller AN, Fournier J, Boonmee S, Hu D-M, Nalumpang S, Zhang H (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:319–575
Hashimoto A, Matsumura M, Hirayama K, Tanaka K (2017) Revision of Lophiotremataceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes): Aquasubmersaceae, Cryptocoryneaceae, and Hermatomycetaceae fam. nov. Persoonia Mol Phylogeny Evol Fungi 39:51–73. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.03
Li WJ, McKenzie EHC, Liu JK (Jack), Bhat DJ, Dai DQ, Camporesi E, Tian Q, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Luo ZL, Shang QJ, Zhang JF, Tangthirasunun N, Karunarathna SC, Xu JC, Hyde KD (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. Fungal Divers 100:279–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00440-y
Zhang H, Hyde KD, Mckenzie EHC, Bahkali AH, Zhou D (2012) Sequence data reveals phylogenetic affinities of Acrocalymma aquatica sp. nov., Aquasubmersa mircensis gen. et sp. nov. and Clohesyomyces aquaticus (freshwater coelomycetes). Cryptogam Mycol 33:333–346. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v33.iss3.2012.333
Recent Genus
1Neochlamydotubeufia
Neohelicomyces
Recent Species
Neohelicomyces submersusNeohelicomyces hyalosporus
Neohelicomyces grandisporus