Caryospora submersa
Caryospora submersa W. Dong, H. Zhang & K.D. Hyde
Index Fungorum number: IF557905; Facesoffungi number: FoF09248
Etymology: in reference to submerged habitat of the fungus
Holotype: MFLU 18–1539
Saprobic on decaying wood submerged in freshwater. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400–450 μm high, 450–540 μm diam., black, scattered or gregarious, superficial, conical, flattened at the base, carbonaceous, with ostiolate papilla. Peridium 45–85 μm at the sides, poorly developed at the base, easily cracked, strongly carbonized, composed of several black, amorphous layers of cells that cannot be differentiated and often occluded. Pseudoparaphyses 2 μm diam., numerous, trabeculate, filiform, hyaline, sparsely septate. Asci 130–180 × 17–26 μm (x̄ = 160 × 21 μm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, narrowly obclavate, with rounded apex, short pedicellate, with a well-developed ocular cham- ber. Ascospores 38–50 × 8–12 μm (x̄ = 44 × 9 μm, n = 20), mostly uniseriate near the apex, becoming biseriate towards the base, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, narrowly fusiform, guttulate, thin-walled, smooth, surrounded by a large, oblong or ellip- soidal, mucilaginous sheath, 40–80 μm wide, sheath becoming thin and dumbbell-like in dried specimen, 1.5–2.5 μm wide at the sides and 5–15 μm wide at two ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined. (Description from Dong et al. 2020)
Culture characteristics: On PDA, colony circular or ellipsoidal, reaching 10 mm diam. in 10 days at 25 °C, grey to black from above, dark brown from below, surface rough, dry, raised, edge entire.
Material examined: THAILAND, Songkhla Province, Chestnut hill, on submerged wood in a stream, 10 May 2018, W. Dong, hat458-1 (MFLU 18-1539, holotype), ex-type living culture MFLUCC 18-1283; ibid., hat458-2 (HKAS 105039, isotype), ex-type living culture KUMCC 19-0056; Satun Province, on submerged wood in a stream, 10 May 2018, W. Dong, hat286-1 (MFLU 18-1541), living culture MFLUCC 18-1409; ibid., hat286-2 (HKAS 105070).
Notes: Caryospora submersa is similar to other Caryospora species in having superficial, dark, carbonaceous ascomata with flattened bases. Caryospora submersa is very different from other species by obclavate asci and narrowly fusiform, hyaline, thin-walled ascospores contrasting with broadly cylindrical to clavate asci and broadly fusiform, ellipsoidal or biconic, mostly pigmented, relatively thick- walled ascospores (Jeffers 1940; Hawksworth 1982; Abdel- Wahab and Jones 2000; Raja and Shearer 2008; Zhao and Zhao 2012; Ariyawansa et al. 2015). Caryospora submersa does not fit the generic concept of Caryospora except for the large, superficial, carbonaceous ascomata, which are simi- lar to those in other genera within the family. However, C. submersa cannot be placed in other genera due to its distinct morphology and phylogenetically nests in Caryospora with strong bootstrap support. (Notes from Dong et al. 2020)
References
Abdel-Wahab MA, Jones EBG (2000) Three new marine ascomycetes from driftwood in Australia sand dunes. Mycoscience 41:379–388
Ariyawansa HA, Hyde KD, Jayasiri SC, Buyck B, Chethana KWT, Dai DQ, Dai YC, Daranagama DA, Jayawardena RS, Lücking R, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Niskanen T, Thambugala KM, Voigt K, Zhao RL, Li GJ, Doilom M, Boonmee S, Yang ZL, Cai Q, Cui YY, Bahkali AH, Chen J, Cui BK, Chen JJ, Dayarathne MC, Dissanayake AJ, Ekanayaka AH, Hashimoto A, Hongsanan S, Jones EBG, Larsson E, Li WJ, Li QR, Liu JK, Luo ZL, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Mapook A, McKenzie EHC, Norphanphoun C, Konta S, Pang KL, Perera RH, Phookamsak R, Phukhamsakda C, Pinruan U, Randrianjohany E, Singtripop C, Tanaka K, Tian CM, Tibpromma S, Abdel-Wahab MA, Wanasinghe DN, Wijayawardene NN, Zhang JF, Zhang H, Abdel-Aziz FA, Wedin M, Westberg M, Ammirati JF, Bulgakov TS, Lima DX, Callaghan TM, Callac P, Chang CH, Coca LF, Dal-Forno M, Dollhofer V, Fliegerová K, Greiner K, Griffith GW, Ho HM, Hofstetter V, Jeewon R, Kang JC, Wen TC, Kirk PM, Kytövuori I, Lawrey JD, Xing J, Li H, Liu ZY, Liu XZ, Liimatainen K, Lumbsch HT, Matsumura M, Moncada B, Nuankaew S, Parnmen S, de Azevedo Santiago ALCM, Sommai S, Song Y, de Souza CAF, de Souza-Motta CM, Su HY, Suetrong S, Wang Y, Wei SF, Wen TC, Yuan HS, Zhou LW, Réblová M, Fournier J, Camporesi E, Luangsa-ard JJ, Tasanathai K, Khonsanit A, Thanakitpipattana D, Somrithipol S, Diederich P, Millanes AM, Common RS, Stadler M, Yan JY, Li XH, Lee HW, Nguyen TTT, Lee HB, Battistin E, Marsico O, Vizzini A, Vila J, Ercole E, Eberhardt U, Simonini G, Wen HA, Chen XH, Miettinen O, Spirin V, Hernawati (2015) Fungal diversity notes 111–252—taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 75:27–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0346-5
Hawksworth DL (1982) A new species of Caryospora from Eugenia in East Africa. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 79:69–74
Raja HA, Shearer CA (2008) Freshwater ascomycetes: new and noteworthy species from aquatic habitats in Florida. Mycologia 100:467–489
Zhao GC, Zhao RL (2012) The higher microfungi from forests of Yunnan Province. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming
Figure 1. Caryospora submersa (MFLU 18-1539, holotype). a, b. Ascomata on host surface, c. Vertical section of ascoma, d. Structure of peridium, e–g. Bitunicate asci, h. Asci embedded in pseudoparaphyses, i–k. Ascospores, l. Ascospore from fresh specimen mounted in Indian Ink, m. Germinated ascospore, n. Colony on PDA (up-front, down-reverse). Scale bars: c = 100 μm, d, l, m = 50 μm, e–k = 20 μm (Image from Dong et al. 2020)
Figure 2. Caryospora submersa (MFLU 18-1541). a, b. Ascomata on host surface, c. Vertical section of ascoma, d. Vertical section of ostiolate papilla, e. Pseudoparaphyses, f–h. Bitunicate asci, i, j. Ascospores, k, l. Ascospores from dried specimen mounted in Indian Ink. m Colony on PDA (left-front, right-reverse). Scale bars: c = 100 μm, d = 50 μm, e–l = 20 μm (Image from Dong et al. 2020)
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