Vaginatispora
Vaginatispora K.D. Hyde
Index Fungorum number: IF 27644, Facesoffungi number: FoF 00828
Saprobic on submerged wood, intertidal wood, dead twigs, endocarp or fallen fruit pericarp. Sexual morph: Ascomata solitary or scattered, immersed to erumpent, uni-loculate, subglobose, glabrous, dark brown to black. Ostiolar neck crest-like, elongate, laterally compressed, composed of globose to elongate, brown to black cells, with a pore-like opening and hyaline periphyses. Peridium unequal in thickness, two-layered, outer layer comprising somewhat flattened cells, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues, inner layer comprising lightly pigmented to hyaline cells. Pseudoparaphyses numerous, cellular, hypha-like, hyaline, septate, anastomosing above the asci. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, with a short or long pedicel, apically round with an ocular chamber. Ascospores uni- to bi-seriate, narrowly ellipsoidal or fusiform, straight to slightly curved, hyaline, 1-septate, occasionally producing pseudosepta, septum mostly median, upper cell slightly broader than lower cell, smooth, thin-walled, with bipolar appendages or entire sheath (Hyde 1995). Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Type species: Vaginatispora aquatica K.D. Hyde
Notes: Vaginatispora aquatica was collected from North Queensland, Australia (Hyde 1995). Zhang et al. (2014) transferred V. aquatica to Lophiostoma because it formed a basal clade to Lophiostoma species with high bootstrap support and morphologically resembles L. macrostomum (type species), in having immersed to erumpent ascomata with a slit-like ostiole, an unequally thick peridium, clavate asci, and hyaline ascospores (Hyde 1995; Zhang et al. 2014). With more sequences added in Lophiostomataceae, Vaginatispora (typified by V. aquatica) was accepted as a distinct genus in Lophiostomataceae (Thambugala et al. 2015). The freshwater collections of V. armatispora (K.D. Hyde et al.) Wanas. et al. were found from Thailand (Bao et al. 2019; Hyde et al. 2019).
List of freshwater Vaginatispora species
Vaginatispora aquatica K.D. Hyde, Nova Hedwigia 61(1–2): 235 (1995)
Synonymy: Lophiostoma vaginatispora H. Zhang & K.D. Hyde, Phytotaxa 176(1): 177 (2014)
Freshwater distribution: Australia (Hyde 1995), China (Tsui et al. 2000), Thailand (Zhang et al. 2014)
Vaginatispora armatispora (K.D. Hyde, Vrijmoed, Chin- naraj & E.B.G. Jones) Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, Stud. Fung. 1(1): 62 (2016)
Basionym: Massarina armatispora K.D. Hyde, Vrijmoed, Chinnaraj & E.B.G. Jones, Bot. Mar. 35(4): 325 (1992)
Synonymy: Lophiostoma armatisporum (K.D. Hyde, Vri- jmoed, Chinnaraj & E.B.G. Jones) E.C.Y. Liew, Aptroot & K.D. Hyde, Mycologia 94(5): 812 (2002)
Freshwater distribution: Thailand (Hu et al. 2010; Bao et al. 2019; Hyde et al. 2019)
Key to freshwater Vaginatispora species
1. Ascospores 33–45 × 11–12.5 μm, with a mucilaginous collar around its equator, surrounded by a spreading papilionaceous sheath............................................ V. aquatica
1. Ascospores 22–34 × 5.5–9 μm, surrounded by a narrow mucilaginous sheath, with distinct hyaline appendages at both ends................... V. armatispora
References
Bao DF, Su HY, Maharachchikumbur SSN, Liu JK, Nalumpang S, Luo ZL, Hyde KD (2019) Lignicolous freshwater fungi from China and Thailand: Multi-gene phylogeny reveals new species and new records in Lophiostomataceae. Mycosphere 10:1080–1099
Dong W, Wang B, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Raja HA, Tanaka K, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Doilom M, Phookamsak R, Hongsanan S, Wanasinghe DN, Yu X-D, Wang G-N, Yang H, Yang J, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Luo Z-L, Yang J-B, Miller AN, Fournier J, Boonmee S, Hu D-M, Nalumpang S, Zhang H (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:319–575
Hu DM, Cai L, Chen H, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD (2010) Fungal diversity on submerged wood in a tropical stream and an artificial lake. Biodivers Conserv 19:3799–3808
Hyde KD (1995) Tropical Australian freshwater fungi. IX. Vaginatispora aquatica gen. et sp. nov. Nova Hedwigia 61:233–241
Hyde KD, Tennakoon DS, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Rossi W, Leonardi M, Lee HB, Mun HY, Houbraken J, Nguyen TTT, Jeon SJ, Frisvad JC, Wanasinghe DN, Lücking R, Aptroot A, Cáceres MES, Karunarathna SC, Hongsanan S, Phookamsak R, de Silva NI, Thambugala KM, Jayawardena RS, Senanayake IC, Boonmee S, Chen J, Luo ZL, Phukhamsakda C, Pereira OL, Abreu VP, Rosado AWC, Bart B, Randrianjo- hany E, Hofstetter V, Gibertoni TB, Soares AMdS, Plautz HL, Sotão HMP, Xavier WKS, Bezerra JDP, de Oliveira TGL, de Souza-Motta CM, Magalhães OMC, Bundhun D, Harishchandra D, Manawasinghe IS, Dong W, Zhang SN, Bao DF, Samarakoon MC, Pem D, Karunarathna A, Lin CG, Yang J, Perera RH, Kumar V, Huang SK, Dayarathne MC, Ekanayaka AH, Jayasiri SC, Xiao Y, Konta S, Niskanen T, Liimatainen K, Dai YC, Ji XH, Tian XM, Mešić A, Singh SK, Phutthacharoen K, Cai L, Sorvongxay T, Thiyagaraja V, Norphanphoun C, Chaiwan N, Lu YZ, Jiang HB, Zhang JF, Abeywickrama PD, Aluthmuhandiram JVS, Brahmanage RS, Zeng M, Chethana T, Wei D, Réblová M, Fournier J, Nekvindová J, do Nascimento Barbosa R, dos Santos JEF, de Oliveira NT, Li GJ, Ertz D, Shang QJ, Phillips AJL, Kuo CH, Camporesi E, Bulgakov TS, Lumyong S, Jones EBG, Chomnunti P, Gentekaki E, Bungartz F, Zeng XY, Fryar S, Tkalčec Z, Liang J, Li G, Wen TC, Singh PN, Gafforov Y, Promputtha I, Yasanthika E, Goonasekara ID, Zhao RL, Zhao Q, Kirk PM, Liu JK, Yan J, Mortimer PE, Xu J, Doilom M (2019) Fungal diversity notes 1036–1150: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 96:1–242
Thambugala KM, Hyde KD, Tanaka K, Tian Q, Wanasinghe DN, Ariyawansa HA, Jayasiri SC, Boonmee S, Camporesi E, Hashimoto A, Hirayama K, Schumacher RK, Promputtha I, Liu ZY (2015) Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Lophiostomataceae, Floricolaceae, and Amorosiaceae fam. nov. Fungal Divers 74:199–266
Tsui KM, Hyde KD, Hodgkiss IJ (2000) Biodiversity of fungi on submerged wood in Hong Kong streams. Aquat Microb Ecol 21:289–298
Zhang H, Hyde KD, Zhao YC, Mckenzie EH, Zhou DQ (2014) Freshwater ascomycetes: Lophiostoma vaginatispora comb. nov. (Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, Lophiostomaceae) based on morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 176:184–191
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