Pleosporales

Melanommataceae

Melanommataceae G. Winter

Index Fungorum number: IF 80990; Faces of Fungi number: FOF 01023

 

Saprobic or parasitic on plants in terrestrial, marine or freshwater habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered or gregarious, immersed to erumpent, nearly superficial, globose to subglobose, carbonaceous or coriaceous, papillate or epapillate. Peridium composed of heavily pigmented, thick-walled, pseudoparenchymatous cells. Hamathecium of dense, long, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to nearly cylindrical, pedicellate, apically rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores uni- or bi-seriate, fusoid to ellipsoidal, or muriform, hyaline or brown, 1 to multi-septate, with or without a mucilaginous sheath, wall smooth or verrucose. Asexual morph: Mostly coelomycetous and rarely hyphomycetous with various conidium ontogenic structures. (Description from Tian et al. 2015)

 

Type genus: Melanomma Nitschke ex Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk

 

Notes: Wijayawardene et al. (2012) listed the asexual morphs as Aposphaeria, Beverwykella, Exosporiella, Monodictys, Monotosporella, Nigrolentilocus, Pyrenochaeta and Sporidesmiella. de Gruyter et al. (2012) showed that phylogenetically Aposphaeria belongs to Melanommataceae. However, Seifert et al. (2011) stated that Monodictys and Monotosporella are probably heterogenous. Based on the phylogenetic analysis in this study, Anomalemma is synonymized under Exosporiella. Beverwykella and Sporidesmiella are excluded from Melanommataceae. Therefore, seven asexual morphs are accepted as Aposphaeria, Exosporiella, Monotosporella, Mycopappus, Nigrolentilocus, Phragmocephala and Xenostigmina. Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis, Aposphaeria, Bertiella, Byssosphaeria, Herpotrichia, Melanomma, Monotosporella, Muriformistrickeria, Mycopappus, Phragmocephala, Pseudostrickeria, Sarimanas cluster in the Melanommataceae. Asymmetricospora, Bicrouania, Calyptronectria, Caryosporella, Exosporiella, Mamillisphaeria, Navicella, Nigrolentilocus and Ohleria are retained within the Melanommataceae based on morphological similarities, especially the coriaceous or carbonaceous ascomata with ostioles and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses. (Notes from Tian et al. 2015)

 

Key to freshwater genera of Melanommataceae (Dong et al. 2020)

1 Asexual morph.............................................................................................. Camposporium

1 Sexual morph...................................................................................................................... 2

2 Ascospores dimorphic.................................................................................. Mamillisphaeria

2 Ascospores monomorphic................................................................................................... 3

3 Ascomata glabrous............................................................................................ Melanomma

3 Ascomata spread on substrate as a subiculum or covered by hyphae....................................... 4

4 Ascomata immersed or erumpent................................................ Herpotrichia

4 Ascomata superficial, with red or orange at pore............................................... Byssosphaeria

 

References

de Gruyter J, Woudenberg JHC, Aveskamp AA, Verkley GJM, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW (2012) Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales. Stud Mycol 75:1–36

Dong W, Wang B, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Raja HA, Tanaka K, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Doilom M, Phookamsak R, Hongsanan S, Wanasinghe DN, Yu X-D, Wang G-N, Yang H, Yang J, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Luo Z-L, Yang J-B, Miller AN, Fournier J, Boonmee S, Hu D-M, Nalumpang S, Zhang H (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:319–575

Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, GamsW KB (2011) The genera of Hyphomycetes. CBS-KNAWFungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht

Tian Q, Liu JK, Hyde KD, Wanasinghe DN, Boonmee S, Jayasiri SC, Luo ZL, Taylor JE, Phillips AJ, Bhat DJ, Li WJ. (2015) Phylogenetic relationships and morphological reappraisal of Melanommataceae (Pleosporales). Fungal Diversity. 74(1):267-324.

Wijayawardene NN, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD (2012) Towards incorporating anamorphic fungi in a natural classification checklist and notes. Mycosphere 2(1):1–88

 

Recent Genus

1
Neochlamydotubeufia
Neohelicomyces

Recent Species

Neohelicomyces submersus
Neohelicomyces hyalosporus
Neohelicomyces grandisporus