Camposporium
Camposporium Harkn.
Index Fungorum number: IF 7479
Saprobic on decaying wood, bark and fruit of various trees and shrubs in terrestrial or freshwater habitats. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies effuse, grey, brown to black. Mycelium immersed or partly superficial on host substrate. Conidiophores macro- or micronematous, mononematous, often short, straight or irregularly bent, unbranched, pale brown to dark brown. Conidiogenous cells mono- or polyblastic, integrated, terminal, sympodial, cylindrical or subulate, denticulate. Conidia solitary, dry, multiseptate, pale brown, often unevenly coloured, the end cells subhyaline, smooth, mostly cylindrical, rounded or tapering at the apex, sometimes rostrate, with or without appendages (Ellis 1971; Hyde et al. 2020).
Type species: Camposporium antennatum Harkn.
Notes: Camposporium is an old genus and characterized by short conidiophores, denticulate conidiogenous cells, and cylindrical, multi-septate, uneven coloured conidia often with single or several cylindrical appendages (Ellis 1971; Hyde et al. 2020). Camposporium had a relationship with Fusiconidium Jun F. Li et al., but they can be distinguished by conidiogenous cells and conidial shape (Li et al. 2017; Hyde et al. 2020b). They are treated as distinct genera until their relationships are well-resolved (Hyde et al. 2020b). The type species, C. antennatum, represented by a strain CBS 113441 was placed in Melanommataceae (Hyde et al. 2020). Other Camposporium species clustered with C. antennatum, but with low bootstrap support (Hyde et al. 2020). A freshwater species C. septatum N.G. Liu et al. formed a well-supported clade with Fusiconidium species (Hyde et al. 2020). However, C. septatum was placed in Camposporium, rather than Fusiconidium, based on its monoblastic conidiogenous cells and cylindrical conidia with several appendages at the apex (Hyde et al. 2020). Both C. appendiculatum D.F. Bao et al. and C. multiseptatum D.F. Bao et al. have tapering apical cell with truncate ends, while C. antennatum has rounded apex (Ellis 1971; Hyde et al. 2020). Camposporium hyalinum Abdullah and C. marylandicum Shearer have the typical apical appendages of Camposporium, but they have hyaline conidia which are different from the brown, unevenly coloured conidia of the other freshwater species (Shearer 1974; Abdullah 1980; Hyde et al. 2020). The molecular data of these two species are needed to confirm their phylogenetic placement. Camposporium species need further study with more collections. Camposporium dulciaquae was the latest addition to the genus from a freshwater stream in Thailand (Calabon et al. 2021).
List of freshwater Camposporium species
Camposporium appendiculatum D.F. Bao, Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su, Fungal Diversity 100: 77 (2020)
Freshwater distribution: China (Hyde et al. 2020)
Camposporium antennatum Harkn., Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1(no. 1): 37 (1884)
Freshwater distribution: Hungary (Rajashekhar and Kaveriappa 2003)
Camposporium cambrense S. Hughes, Mycol. Pap. 36: 11 (1951)
Freshwater distribution: Hungary (Gönczöl and Révay (2004), Thailand (Kurniawati et al. 2010)
Camposporium dulciaquae M.S. Calabon & K.D. Hyde, Journal of Fungi 7(2, no. 117): 4 (2021)
Freshwater distribution: Thailand (Calabon et al. 2021)
Camposporium fusisporum Whitton, McKenzie & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 11: 180 (2002)
Freshwater distribution: Philippines (Cai et al. 2003)
Camposporium hyalinum Abdullah, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 75(3): 514 (1981) [1980]
Freshwater distribution: UK (Abdullah 1980)
Camposporium marylandicum Shearer, Mycologia 66(1): 16 (1974)
Freshwater distribution: USA (Shearer 1974)
Camposporium multiseptatum D.F. Bao, Z.L. Luo, K.D. Hyde & H.Y. Su, Fungal Diversity 100: 82 (2020)
Freshwater distribution: China (Hyde et al. 2020)
Camposporium ontariense Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 3: 3 (1983)
Freshwater distribution: Hungary (Gönczöl and Révay (2004)
Camposporium pellucidum (Grove) S. Hughes, Mycol. Pap. 36: 9 (1951)
Freshwater distribution: China (Hyde et al. 2020)
Camposporium quercicola Mercado, Heredia & J. Mena, Mycotaxon 55: 495 (1995)
Freshwater distribution: Philippines (Cai et al. 2003)
Camposporium septatum N.G. Liu, J.K. Liu & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 100: 85 (2020)
Freshwater distribution: Thailand (Hyde et al. 2020)
References
Abdullah SK (1980) Two hyphomycetes on litter in stagnant water from Britain. Trans Brit Mycol Soc 75:514–517
Cai L, Zhang K, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD (2003) Freshwater fungi from bamboo and wood submerged in the Liput River in the Philippines. Fungal Divers 13:1–12
Calabon MS, Jones EBG, Boonmee S, Doilom M, Lumyong S, Hyde KD (2021) Five novel freshwater ascomycetes indicate high undiscovered diversity in lotic habitats in Thailand. J Fungi 7:1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7020117
Ellis MB (1971) Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Surrey, England
Gonczol J, Revay A (2004) Fungal spores in rainwater: stemflow, throughfall and gutter conidial assemblages. Fungal Divers 16:67–86
Hyde KD, Dong Y, Phookamsak R, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, Jones EBG, Liu NG, Abeywickrama PD, Mapook A, Wei D, Perera RH, Manawasinghe IS, Pem D, Bundhun D, Karunarathna A, Ekanayaka AH, Bao DF, Li J, Samarakoon MC, Chaiwan N, Lin CG, Phutthacharoen K, Zhang SN, Senanayake IC, Goonasekara ID, Thambugala KM, Phukhamsakda C, Tennakoon DS, Jiang HB, Yang J, Zeng M, Huanraluek N, Liu JK, Wijesinghe SN, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Brahmanage RS, Boonmee S, Huang SK, Thiyagaraja V, Lu YZ, Jayawardena RS, Dong W, Yang EF, Singh SK, Singh SM, Rana S, Lad SS, Anand G, Devadatha B, Niranjan M, Sarma VV, Liimatainen K, Aguirre-Hudson B, Niskanen T, Overall A, Alvarenga RLM, Gibertoni TB, Pfliegler WP, Horváth E, Imre A, Alves AL, da Silva Santos AC, Tiago PV, Bulgakov TS, Wanasinghe DN, Bahkali AH, Doilom M, Elgorban AM, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Rajeshkumar KC, Haelewaters D, Mortimer PE, Zhao Q, Lumyong S, Xu J, Sheng J (2020b) Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 100:5–277
Kurniawati E, Zhang H, Chukeatirote E, Sulistyowati L, Moslem MA, Hyde KD (2010) Diversity of freshwater ascomycetes in freshwater bodies at Amphoe Mae Chan, Chiang Rai. Cryptogam Mycol 31:323–331
Li JF, Jeewon R, Luo ZL, Phookamsak R, Bhat DJ, Mapook A, Phukhamsakda C, Camporesi E, Lumyong S, Hyde KD (2017a) Morphological characterization and DNA based taxonomy of Fusiconidium gen. nov. with two novel taxa within Melanommataceae (Pleosporales). Phytotaxa 308:206–218
Rajashekhar M, Kaveriappa KM (2003) Diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes in the aquatic ecosystems of the Western Ghats of India. Hydrobiologia 501:167–177. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026239917232
Shearer CA (1974) Fungi of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries IV. Three new species from the Patuxent River. Mycologia 66:16–24
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