Nigrograna
Nigrograna Gruyter, Verkley & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 75: 31 (2012) [2013]
Index Fungorum number: IF 564794; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08318
Saprobic on submerged wood, decaying twigs of shrubs and trees, old fructifications of pyrenomycetes, sometimes as human pathogenic. Sexual morph: Ascomata solitary to gregarious, immersed to superficial, somewhat globose, brown to black, ostiolate. Peridium comprising several layers, angular cells. Pseudoparaphyses numerous, trabeculate, filiform, septate, branching and anastomosing. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, or broadly filiform, with short pedicellate and knob-like base. Ascospores overlapping, broadly fusiform to narrowly ellipsoid, inequilateral, septate, hyaline to brown, smooth or faintly verruculose (Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2016; Hyde et al. 2017; Tibpromma et al. 2017). Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Pycnidia similar to ascomata, solitary or rarely grerarious, superficial or submerged in agar, globose to subglobose or pyriform, olivaceous to olivaceous-black, with dark brown, septate mycelial outgrowths, with ostiolate papilla. Peridium comprising several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells. Conidiophores filiform, simple to sparsely branched, with pegs along one or two sides and solitary terminal phialides, reduced in culture. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, discrete, ampulliform, lageniform or subcylindrical, hyaline. Conidia oblong, cylindrical or allantoid, sometimes ellipsoid, hyaline or subhyaline, brown in mass, aseptate, smooth (de Gruyter et al. 2013; Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2016). Hyphomycetous. Synnemata superficial, effuse, gregarious, black. Mycelium mostly immersed, composed of septate, pale brown, smooth hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, synnematous on substratum, septate, unbranched to branched, smooth, brown, compacted below half and flared at the tip. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, terminal or intercalary, sympodial, smooth, swollen subcylindrical, ampulliform, denticulate, covered with several conidiogenous loci, hyaline to subhyaline. Conidia solitary, acrogenous, simple, dry, ellipsoidal, smooth, thin-walled, aseptate, hyaline.
Type species: Nigrograna mackinnonii (Borelli) Gruyter,Verkley & Crous
Notes: Most Nigrograna species were collected from terrestrial habitats and are morphologically very similar. Sexual and asexual morphs have been reported from natural substrates and characterized as ascomycetous and coelomycetous species (Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2016; Tibpromma et al. 2017). Only Nigrograna cangshanensis was reported from freshwater habitats (China), and it differs from other species by thicker peridium and molecular characters (Tibpromma et al. 2017). Dong et al (2020) collected a hyphomycetous species, N. aquatica, from submerged wood in Thailand, which expands the known morph of this genus.
List of freshwater Nigrograna species
Nigrograna aquatica W. Dong, H. Zhang & K.D. Hyde
Freshwater distribution: Thailand (Dong et al. 2020)
Nigrograna cangshanensis Z.L. Luo, H.Y. Su & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 83: 52 (2017)
Freshwater distribution: China (Tibpromma et al. 2017)
Key to freshwater Nigrograna species
1. Sexual morph..................................................................... N. cangshanensis
2. Asexual morph............................................................................. N. aquatica
References
Dong W, Wang B, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Raja HA, Tanaka K, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Doilom M, Phookamsak R, Hongsanan S, Wanasinghe DN, Yu XD, Wang GN, Yang H, Yang J, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Luo ZL, Yang JB, Miller AN, Fournier J, Boonmee S, Hu DM, Nalumpang S, Zhang H (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5
Hyde KD, Norphanphoun C, Abreu VP, Bazzicalupo A, Thilini Chethana KW, Clericuzio M, Dayarathne MC, Dissanayake AJ, Ekanayaka AH, He MQ, Hongsanan S, Huang SK, Jayasiri SC, Jayawardena RS, Karunarathna A, Konta S, Kušan I, Lee H, Li J, Lin CG, Liu NG, Lu YZ, Luo ZL, Manawasinghe IS, Mapook A, Perera RH, Phookamsak R, Phukhamsakda C, Siedlecki I, Soares AM, Tennakoon DS, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Xiao YP, Yang J, Zeng XY, Abdel-Aziz FA, Li WJ, Senanayake IC, Shang QJ, Daranagama DA, de Silva NI, Thambugala KM, Abdel-Wahab MA, Bahkali AH, Berbee ML, Boonmee S, Bhat DJ, Bulgakov TS, Buyck B, Camporesi E, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Chomnunti P, Doilom M, Dovana F, Gibertoni TB, Jadan M, Jeewon R, Jones EBG, Kang JC, Karunarathna SC, Lim YW, Liu JK, Liu ZY, Plautz HL, Lumyong S, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Matočec N, McKenzie EHC, Mešić A, Miller D, Pawłowska J, Pereira OL, Promputtha I, Romero AI, Ryvarden L, Su HY, Suetrong S, Tkalčec Z, Vizzini A, Wen TC, Wisitrassameewong K, Wrzosek M, Xu JC, Zhao Q, Zhao RL, Mortimer PE (2017) Fungal diversity notes 603–708: taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on genera and species. Fungal Divers 87:1–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0391-3
Jaklitsch WM, Voglmayr H (2016) Hidden diversity in Thyridaria and a new circumscription of the Thyridariaceae. Stud Mycol 85:35–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2016.09.002
Tibpromma S, Hyde KD, Jeewon R, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Liu JK, Bhat DJ, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC, Camporesi E, Bulgakov TS, Doilom M, de Azevedo Santiago ALCM, Das K, Manimohan P, Gibertoni TB, Lim YW, Ekanayaka AH, Thongbai B, Lee HB, Yang JB, Kirk PM, Sysouphanthong P, Singh SK, Boonmee S, Dong W, Raj KNA, Latha KPD, Phookamsak R, Phukhamsakda C, Konta S, Jayasiri SC, Norphanphoun C, Tennakoon DS, Li J, Dayarathne MC, Perera RH, Xiao Y, Wanasinghe DN, Senanayake IC, Goonasekara ID, de Silva NI, Mapook A, Jayawardena RS, Dissanayake AJ, Manawasinghe IS, Chethana KWT, Luo ZL, Hapuarachchi KK, Baghela A, Soares AM, Vizzini A, Meiras-Ottoni A, Mešić A, Dutta AK, de Souza CAF, Richter C, Lin CG, Chakrabarty D, Daranagama DA, Lima DX, Chakraborty D, Ercole E, Wu F, Simonini G, Vasquez G, da Silva GA, Plautz HL, Ariyawansa HA, Lee H, Kušan I, Song J, Sun J, Karmakar J, Hu K, Semwal KC, Thambugala KM, Voigt K, Acharya K, Rajeshkumar KC, Ryvarden L, Jadan M, Hosen MI, Mikšík M, Samarakoon MC, Wijayawardene NN, Kim NK, Matočec N, Singh PN, Tian Q, Bhatt RP, de Oliveira RJV, Tulloss RE, Aamir S, Kaewchai S, Marathe SD, Khan S, Hongsanan S, Adhikari S, Mehmood T, Bandyopadhyay TK, Svetasheva TY, Nguyen TTT, Antonín V, Li WJ, Wang Y, Indoliya Y, Tkalčec Z, Elgorban AM, Bahkali AH, Tang AMC, Su HY, Zhang H, Promputtha I, Luangsa-ard J, Xu J, Yan J, Ji-Chuan K, Stadler M, Mortimer PE, Chomnunti P, Zhao Q, Phillips AJL, Nontachaiyapoom S, Wen TC, Karunarathna SC (2017) Fungal diversity notes 491–602: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 83:1–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-017-0378-0
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