Triplosphaeria
Triplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.
Index Fungorum number: IF515255
Etymology: In reference to the anamorphic state of Tetraploa-like conidia with three setose appendages.
Saprobic on decaying or submerged bamboo in freshwater or terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered to gregarious, immersed under the epidermis, subglobose, uniloculate, glabrous, with or without a short neck, periphysate. Peridium rim-like at sides, composed of vertically orientated rectangular to cylindrical, hyaline, hyphoid cells, poorly developed at the base. Pseudoparaphyses numerous, trabeculate, narrow, hyaline, indistinctly septate, branched. Asci bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, with rounded apex and short pedicellate. Ascospores 8-spored, fusiform, with rounded ends, 1-septate, hyaline, smooth, with an entire sheath (Tanaka et al. 2009). Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic. Conidia ovoid to obpyriform, brown, verrucose at the base, composed of three columns, with three setose appendages at the apex (Tanaka et al. 2009).
Type species: Triplosphaeria maxima Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.
Notes: Triplosphaeria was introduced for massarina-like ascomycetes and tetraploa-like asexual morphs (Tanaka et al. 2009). Triplosphaeria is similar to Tetraploa in overall morphology of conidia but differs by its hemispherical ascomata with flattened base (Tanaka et al. 2009; Hyde et al. 2013). Phylogeny clearly separates them as two distinct genera (Tanaka et al. 2009; Dong et al. 2020; Hyde et al. 2020). Triplosphaeria acuta Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray. is the only species collected from freshwater habitats (Tanaka et al. 2009).
List of freshwater Triplosphaeria species
Triplosphaeria acuta Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray., Stud. Mycol. 64: 186 (2009)
Freshwater distribution: Japan (Tanaka et al. 2009)
References
Dong W, Wang B, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Raja HA, Tanaka K, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Doilom M, Phookamsak R, Hongsanan S, Wanasinghe DN, Yu X-D, Wang G-N, Yang H, Yang J, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Luo Z-L, Yang J-B, Miller AN, Fournier J, Boonmee S, Hu D-M, Nalumpang S, Zhang H (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5
Hyde KD, Dong Y, Phookamsak R, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, Jones EBG, Liu N-G, Abeywickrama PD, Mapook A, Wei D, Perera RH, Manawasinghe IS, Pem D, Bundhun D, Karunarathna A, Ekanayaka AH, Bao D-F, Li J, Samarakoon MC, Chaiwan N, Lin C-G, Phutthacharoen K, Zhang S-N, Senanayake IC, Goonasekara ID, Thambugala KM, Phukhamsakda C, Tennakoon DS, Jiang H-B, Yang J, Zeng M, Huanraluek N, Liu J-K (Jack), Wijesinghe SN, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Brahmanage RS, Boonmee S, Huang S-K, Thiyagaraja V, Lu Y-Z, Jayawardena RS, Dong W, Yang E-F, Singh SK, Singh SM, Rana S, Lad SS, Anand G, Devadatha B, Niranjan M, Sarma VV, Liimatainen K, Aguirre-Hudson B, Niskanen T, Overall A, Alvarenga RLM, Gibertoni TB, Pfliegler WP, Horváth E, Imre A, Alves AL, da Silva Santos AC, Tiago PV, Bulgakov TS, Wanasinghe DN, Bahkali AH, Doilom M, Elgorban AM, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Rajeshkumar KC, Haelewaters D, Mortimer PE, Zhao Q, Lumyong S, Xu J, Sheng J (2020) Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 100:5–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00439-5
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H, Boehm E, Boonmee S, Braun U, Chomnunti P, Crous PW, Dai DQ, Diederich P, Dissanayake A, Doilom M, Doveri F, Hongsanan S, Jayawardena R, Lawrey JD, Li YM, Liu YX, Lücking R, Monkai J, Muggia L, Nelsen MP, Pang KL, Phookamsak R, Senanayake IC, Shearer CA, Suetrong S, Tanaka K, Thambugala KM, Wijayawardene NN, Wikee S, Wu HX, Zhang Y, Aguirre-Hudson B, Alias SA, Aptroot A, Bahkali AH, Bezerra JL, Bhat DJ, Camporesi E, Chukeatirote E, Gueidan C, Hawksworth DL, Hirayama K, De Hoog S, Kang JC, Knudsen K, Li WJ, Li XH, Liu ZY, Mapook A, McKenzie EHC, Miller AN, Mortimer PE, Phillips AJL, Raja HA, Scheuer C, Schumm F, Taylor JE, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Wang Y, Xu JC, Yacharoen S, Yan JY, Zhang M (2013) Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 63:1–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0263-4
Tanaka K, Hirayama K, Yonezawa H, Hatakeyama S, Harada Y, Sano T, Shirouzu T, Hosoya T (2009) Molecular taxonomy of bambusicolous fungi: Tetraplosphaeriaceae, a new pleosporalean family with Tetraploa-like anamorphs. Stud Mycol 64:175–209. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.10
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