Dendryphion
Dendryphion Wallr.
Index Fungorum number: IF7952; Facesoffungi number: FoF01741
Saprobic on dead stems of herbaceous plants and decaying wood or submerged wood. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies effuse, hairy or velvety, dark grey, olive, reddish brown or black. Mycelium immersed. Stroma when present immersed or partly superficial. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, usually branched at the apex forming a stipe and head; stipe straight or flexuous, usually stout, erect, brown to black, smooth or with the upper part verruculose; branches usually paler, smooth or verruculose. Conidiogenous cells monotretic or polytretic, sympodial, integrated or discrete, terminal and intercalary on branches, clavate, cylindrical or doliiform, cicatrized; scars usually large and dark. Conidia acropleurogenous, catenate or solitary, dry, cylindrical with rounded ends or obclavate, sometimes cheiroid, straight or somewhat curved, pale to mid brown or olivaceous brown, multi-septate, simple or branched, smooth or verrucose, thin-walled (Ellis 1971; Su et al. 2016).
Type species: Dendryphion comosum Wallr.
Notes: The hyphomycetous genus Dendryphion was placed in Torulaceae based on D. europaeum Crous & R.K. Schumach. (Crous et al. 2015). Dendryphion formed a sister clade to Neotorula Ariyaw. et al., but differs in having cylindrical or obclavate conidia without branched chains (Hyde et al. 2016; Su et al. 2016, 2018). Five Dendryphion species were confirmed in Torulaceae with molecular data, four of which were collected from freshwater habitats in China (see list below). They formed a well-supported monophyletic clade in Su et al. (2018). However, the sequence data of the type species D. comosum is lacking. All freshwater Dendryphion species have similar size of conidiophores and conidia, except D. nanum (Nees) S. Hughes which has the shortest conidiophores and longest conidia (Su et al. 2016, 2018). The length and width of conidiophores can distinguish the other three species. (Notes from Dong et al. 2020)
List of freshwater Dendryphion species
Dendryphion aquaticum H.Y. Su & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity (2016)
Freshwater distribution: China (Su et al. 2016)
Dendryphion fluminicola Z.L. Luo, D.J. Bhat & K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Progr. 17(5): 533 (2018)
Freshwater distribution: China (Su et al. 2018)
Dendryphion nanum (Nees) S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36: 761 (1958)
Basionym: Helminthosporium nanum Nees [as ‘Helmisporium’], Syst. Pilze (Würzburg): 67 (1816) [1816–17]
Freshwater distribution: China (Su et al. 2016)
Dendryphion submersum H.Y. Su & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity (2016)
Freshwater distribution: China (Su et al. 2016)
Key to freshwater Dendryphion species
1. Conidiophores < 100 μm long......................................................... D. nanum
1. Conidiophores > 100 μm long...................................................................... 2
2. Conidiophores < 200 μm long.................................................... D. fluminicola
2. Conidiophores > 200 μm long...................................................................... 3
3. Conidiophores 7.5–11.5 μm wide................................................ D. aquaticum
3. Conidiophores 3.5–4.5 μm wide............................................... D. submersum
Fig 1. Dendryphion spp. (Material examined: CHINA, Yunnan Province, Dali, Nanjian, saprobic on decaying wood submerged in stream, April 2014, H.Y. Su, S-059, HKAS 83997, holotype; WanHua stream, saprobic on submerged decaying wood, May 2014, H.Y. Su, S-125, HKAS 84012). a–g D. nanum (HKAS 84012), a Conidiophores with conidia, b Conidiogenous cells and conidia, c–g Conidia, h–o D. submersum (HKAS 83998), h, i Conidiophores, j Conidiogenous cells, k–o Conidia, p–v D. aquaticum (HKAS 83997), p Conidiophores with conidia, q Conidiogenous cells and conidia, r–v Conidia. Scale bars: a, p = 100 μm, b, c, i, j, q = 50 μm, d–g = 30 μm, h = 150 μm, k–o, r, s = 10 μm, t–v = 15 μm (Dong et al. 2020)
References
Crous PW, Carris LM, Giraldo A, Groenewald JZ, Hawksworth DL, Hernández-Restrepo M, Jaklitsch WM, Lebrun MH, Schumacher RK, Benjamin Stielow J, Van Der Linde EJEJ, Vilcane J, Voglmayr H, Wood AR (2015) The genera of fungi-fixing the application of the type species of generic names-G 2: Allantophomopsis, Latorua, Macrodiplodiopsis, Macrohilum, Milospium, Protostegia, Pyricularia, Robillarda, Rotula, Septoriella, Torula, and Wojnowicia. IMA Fungus 6:163–198. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.11
Dong W, Wang B, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Raja HA, Tanaka K, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Doilom M, Phookamsak R, Hongsanan S, Wanasinghe DN, Yu X-D, Wang G-N, Yang H, Yang J, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Luo Z-L, Yang J-B, Miller AN, Fournier J, Boonmee S, Hu D-M, Nalumpang S, Zhang H (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5
Ellis MB (1971) Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Surrey, England
Hyde KD, Hongsanan S, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, McKenzie EHC, Jones EBG, Phookamsak R, Ariyawansa HA, Boonmee S, Zhao Q, Abdel-Aziz FA, Abdel-Wahab MA, Banmai S, Chomnunti P, Cui BK, Daranagama DA, Das K, Dayarathne MC, de Silva NI, Dissanayake AJ, Doilom M, Ekanayaka AH, Gibertoni TB, Góes-Neto A, Huang SK, Jayasiri SC, Jayawardena RS, Konta S, Lee HB, Li WJ, Lin CG, Liu JK, Lu YZ, Luo ZL, Manawasinghe IS, Manimohan P, Mapook A, Niskanen T, Norphanphoun C, Papizadeh M, Perera RH, Phukhamsakda C, Richter C, André ALCM, Drechsler-Santos ER, Senanayake IC, Tanaka K, Tennakoon TMDS, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Thongbai B, Vizzini A, Wanasinghe DN, Wijayawardene NN, Wu HX, Yang J, Zeng XY, Zhang H, Zhang JF, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E, Bahkali AH, Amoozegar MA, Araujo-Neta LS, Ammirati JF, Baghela A, Bhatt RP, Bojantchev D, Buyck B, da Silva GA, de Lima CLF, de Oliveira RJV, de Souza CAF, Dai YC, Dima B, Duong TT, Ercole E, Mafalda-Freire F, Ghosh A, Hashimoto A, Kamolhan S, Kang JC, Karunarathna SC, Kirk PM, Kytövuori I, Lantieri A, Liimatainen K, Liu ZY, Liu XZ, Lücking R, Medardi G, Mortimer PE, Nguyen TTT, Promputtha I, Raj KNA, Reck MA, Lumyong S, Shahzadeh-Fazeli SA, Stadler M, Soudi MR, Su HY, Takahashi T, Tangthirasunun N, Uniyal P, Wang Y, Wen TC, Xu JC, Zhang ZK, Zhao YC, Zhou JL, Zhu L (2016) Fungal diversity notes 367–490: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 80:1–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0373-x
Su H, Hyde KD, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Ariyawansa HA, Luo Z, Promputtha I, Tian Q, Lin C, Shang Q, Zhao Y, Chai H, Liu X, Bahkali AH, Bhat JD, McKenzie EHC, Zhou D (2016) The families Distoseptisporaceae fam. nov., Kirschsteiniotheliaceae, Sporormiaceae and Torulaceae, with new species from freshwater in Yunnan Province, China. Fungal Divers 80:375–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0362-0
Su XJ, Luo ZL, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, Bao DF, Li WL, Hao YE, Su HY, Hyde KD (2018) Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveal new genus and species of Torulaceae from freshwater habitats in northwestern Yunnan, China. Mycol Prog 17:531–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1388-3
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