Trematosphaeria
Trematosphaeria Fuckel
Index Fungorum number: IF 5522
Saorobic on lignocellulosic material in mangroves and terrestrial or submerged wood in freshwater habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata solitary or clustered in groups, immersed, becoming erumpent to semi-immersed, unilocular, subglobose, black, coriaceous, with ostiolate papilla. Peridium uneven in thickness, a single layer, composed of small, heavily pigmented, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Pseudoparaphyses dense, cellular, septate, embedded in mucilage, branching and anastomosing between and above the asci. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, with a short, thick, furcate pedicellate, with a truncate ocular chamber. Ascospores uni- to bi-seriate, fusiform, dark brown, trans-septate, secondary septum forming late or often absent, deeply constricted at the median septum, variously ornamented (Zhang et al. 2008; Hyde et al. 2013). Asexual morph: Undetermined. Hyphopodia-like structures were produced in culture of Trematosphaeria pertusa (CBS 122368, ex-epitype) (Zhang et al. 2008). (Description from Dong et al. 2020)
Type species: Trematosphaeria pertusa Fuckel
Notes: Trematosphaeria is an old genus and comprises over 200 epithets in Index Fungorum (2020). The type species T. pertusa formed a robust phylogenetic clade with Falciformispora lignatilis in Trematosphaeriaceae (Suetrong et al. 2009, 2011; Zhang et al. 2009; Hyde et al. 2013). Two strains of T. hydrela (Rehm) Sacc. (CBS 880.70 and HKUCC 10666) clustered in Lindgomycetaceae, which was phylogenetically distant from Trematosphaeriaceae (Tsang et al. 2014; Hyde et al. 2017). Tsang et al. (2014) thought that these strains were likely to be misnamed. The two strains need verification to confirm if they are misnamed or should be transferred T. hydrela to Lindgomycetaceae. We place T. hydrela in Trematosphaeriaceae for now. Four freshwater Trematosphaeria species can be distinguished by septation and dimension of ascospores. (Notes from Dong et al. 2020)
List of freshwater Trematosphaeria species
Trematosphaeria confusa (Garov.) Boise & D. Hawksw., Mycologia 77(2): 232 (1985)
Basionym: Verrucaria confusa Garov., Tentam. Dispos. Lich. Langob.: 77 (1865)
Synonymy: Didymosphaeria confusa (Garov.) Rehm, Hedwigia 18: 165 (1879)
Freshwater distribution: Australia (Hyde 1995), Malaysia (Ho et al. 2001)
Trematosphaeria hydrela (Rehm) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 117 (1883)
Basionym: Melanomma hydrelum Rehm, Hedwigia 21(6): 82 (1882)
Synonymy: Caryospora callicarpa Sacc., Michelia 1(no. 3): 331 (1878)
Melanomma callicarpum Berl., Icon. fung. (Abellini) 1(1): 37 (1890)
Trematosphaeria callicarpa (Sacc.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: 116 (1883)
Freshwater distribution: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Petrak 1925)
Trematosphaeria lineolatispora K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 96(1): 28 (1992)
Freshwater distribution: USA (Raja et al. 2009)
Trematosphaeria pertusa (Pers.:Fr.) Fuckel, Jb. nassau. Ver. Naturk. 23–24: 161 (1870) [1869–70]
Basionym: Sphaeria pertusa Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen) 1: 83 (1801)
Freshwater distribution: England (Eaton and Jones 1971; Eaton 1972; Kane et al. 2002), Hungary (Révay and Gönczöl 1990), Japan (Tanaka et al. 2015)
Key to freshwater Trematosphaeria species
1. Ascospores 1–3-septate............................................................................. 2
1. Ascospores 3–7-septate............................................................................. 3
2. Ascospores (30–)34–45(–52) × (8–)8.5–11 μm................................ T. confusa
2. Ascospores (21–)22–32(–34) × 6–10 μm......................................... T. pertusa
3. Ascospores > 70 μm long............................................................. T. hydrela
3. Ascospores < 50 μm long.................................................... T. lineolatispora
References
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