Tubeufiaceae
Tubeufiaceae M.E. Barr, Mycologia 71(5): 948 (1979)
Index Fungorum number: IF 81599; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00204
Saprobic on decaying wood and leaves in terrestrial and/or aquatic habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial, seated on a subiculum, unilocular, globose-subglobose to obovate, solitary to gregarious, cream-white, yellow, pale brown, brown to black, ostiolate, with or without setae. Peridium composed of cells of textura angularis, thick-walled cells, yellow, pale brown, dark brown to black externally, with thin layers of textura prismatica inwardly, hyaline, yellow, pale brown to brown. Hamathecium comprising numerous filiform, septate, branched, sometimes anastomosing, hyaline pseudoparaphyses, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, saccate, cylindrical to clavate, sometimes broadly oblong-subclavate, with or without an apically rounded, distinct ocular chamber, with or without pedicel, smooth-walled. Ascospores 2–3-seriate to fasciculate, elongate, cylindric, fusiform to filiform, tapering towards narrow ends, hyaline to pale brown, sometimes yellow, multi-septate, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous, 1) helicosporous. Colonies on the substratum superficial, effuse, gregarious, white to pink, pale yellow to yellow green, pale brown to brown. Mycelium mostly immersed, partly superficial, composed of branched, septate hyphae, hyaline, pale brown to brown, with masses of crowded conidia. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, cylindrical, branched or unbranched, hyaline, pale brown to dark brown, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, mono- to polyblastic, discrete or integrated, determinate or sympodial, terminal or intercalary, denticulate, arising laterally from the lower parts of conidiophores as tiny tooth-like protrusions or bladder-like protrusions, sometimes truncate at apex after conidial secession, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled. Conidia solitary, acrogenous, or pleurogenous, or acropleurogenous, helicoid, rounded at tip, hyaline to yellow green, yellow, pale brown to brown, multi-septate, guttulate, smooth-walled; 2) chlamydosporous. Conidiophores lacking. Chlamydospores holoblastic, broadly oval to ellipsoid, dictyoseptate, pale brown when immature, darkened to black when matured, with terminal cells round and subhyaline; 3) phragmosporous. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, arising as lateral branches from creeping hyphae, branched or unbranched, thin-walled and smooth, indistinctly septate, flexuous, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, mono- to polyblastic, sympodial, terminal or intercalary, cylindrical, with denticles, hyaline. Conidia solitary, acrogenous, fusiform to obclavate, slightly curved and acute at both ends, hyaline, multi-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, guttulate, smooth-walled. (Description from Hongsanan et al. 2020)
Type: Tubeufia Penz. & Sacc., Malpighia 11(11–12): 517 (1898) [1897].
Notes: Tubeufiaceae was introduced based on the generic type Tubeufia to accommodate bitunicate ascomycetes occurring as saprobes on decaying wood. Barr (1979) accepted six genera in the family, while Rossman (1987) accepted 12 genera, Kirk et al. (2001) accepted 21 genera, Lumbsch and Huhndorf (2010) accepted 23 genera, and Boonmee et al. (2014) accepted 19 genera. Brahamanage et al. (2017) introduced Dictyospora, Chaiwan et al. (2017) introduced Neotubeufia, Luo et al. (2017) introduced Muripulchra and Neohelicomyces, Liu et al. (2018) introduced Helicotubeufia and Neohelicosporium to this family based on morphology and phylogeny (Lu et al. (2018) reappraised Tubeufiaceae and introduced 13 genera, and accepted 43 genera in this family based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological evidence. Liu et al. (2019) introduced Kevinhydea and Jayasiri et al. (2019) introduced Discotubeufia and Hyde et al. (2020) introduced Camporesiomyces. Currently, Tubeufiaceae contains 46 genera (Lu et al. 2018b; Jayasiri et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2019).
Tubeufiaceous fungi are widespread distributed in tropical and temperate regions (Rossman 1987; Kirk et al. 2001; Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2010; Boonmee et al. 2014b; Luo et al. 2017; Lu et al. 2018a, b). Most species in this family are saprobic on terrestrial woody substrates and some are found on aquatic habitats (Barr 1979, 1980; Rossman 1987; Kirk et al. 2001; Zhao et al. 2007; Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2010; Boonmee et al. 2011, 2014; Hyde et al. 2016; Doilom et al. 2017; Luo et al. 2017; Phookamsak et al. 2018). Interestingly, most asexual morphs of Tubeufiaceae were collected from freshwater habitats (Hyde et al. 2016, 2017; Brahamanage et al. 2017; Chaiwan et al. 2017; Lu et al. 2017a, b, c, 2018a, b; Luo et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2018).
Key to freshwater helicosporous genera of Tubeufiaceae (found on natural substrate) (updated from Lu et al. (2018b) (From Dong et al. 2020)
1. Colonies dematiaceous............................................................................... 2
1. Colonies hyaline.......................................................................................... 7
2. Conidia subglobose or broadly elliptical................................ Pseudohelicoon
2. Conidia not subglobose or broadly elliptical body............................. 3
3. Colonies pale yellow to yellow-green........................................ Helicosporium
3. Colonies pink, pale brown to dark brown....................................................... 4
4. Conidiophores arising from a pseudoparenchymatous stromata Helicodochium
4. Conidiophores arising from creeping hyphae............................................... 5
5. Conidiophores < 50 μm long................................................... Berkleasmium
5. Conidiophores > 50 μm long........................................................................ 6
6. Conidia with truncate basal cell and thickened lateral walls, dilute fuliginous.... Helicotruncatum
6. Conidia without truncate basal cell and thickened lat- eral walls, hyaline to brown Helicoma
7. Conidiophores 0–3-septate.......................................................................... 8
7. Conidiophores multi-septate...................................................................... 10
8. Conidiophores pale brown, conidiogenous cells hyaline to pale brown.............. Dematiohelicomyces
8. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells hyaline................................. 9
9. Conidiogenous cells tapering towards the apex, inverted funnel at the apex, conidia not loose in water....................................................................................... Helicohyalinum
9. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, truncate at the apex, conidia loosely coiled in water Helicomyces
10. Conidiophores setiferous, brown to dark brown............. Helicoarctatu
10. Conidiophores not setiferous, hyaline to brown 11
11. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, with a truncate apex................................. 12
11. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, denticulate.............................................. 13
12. Conidiophores hyaline, conidia helicoid....................... Helicotubeufia
12. Conidiophores pale brown to brown, conidia variable in shape......... Tubeufia
13. Conidiophores hyaline to brown, mostly unbranched,> 110 μm long............. Neohelicomyces
13. Conidiophores pale brown to dark brown, irregular, 20–450 μm long.......... 14
14. Conidiophores branched, conidia mostly loosely coiled Pseudohelicomyces
14. Conidiophores occasionally branched, conidia tightly coiled......................... Neohelicosporium
References
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Recent Genus
1Neochlamydotubeufia
Neohelicomyces
Recent Species
Neohelicomyces submersusNeohelicomyces hyalosporus
Neohelicomyces grandisporus